{"id":17002,"date":"2024-06-10T03:41:18","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T03:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17002"},"modified":"2024-06-10T03:41:18","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T03:41:18","slug":"enslaved-cooks-hidden-figures-american-cuisine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history-and-culture\/enslaved-cooks-hidden-figures-american-cuisine\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7: Nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd trong di s\u1ea3n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

Hercules, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a George Washington, v\u00e0 James Hemings, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thomas Jefferson, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i gi\u0169a th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean theo d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n Nam. H\u1ecd pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u01b0 s\u00fap gumbo, c\u01a1m th\u1eadp c\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m okra. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp; h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2u Phi, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n do h\u1ecd s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u da \u0111en h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Aunt Jemima v\u00e0 Rastus, \u0111\u00e3 che gi\u1ea5u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Sau N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00f3a, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a Old Southern. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trong khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n chung v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7: Nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1176],"tags":[4205,527,22462,621,1080,22461],"class_list":["post-17002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-culture","tag-american-cuisine","tag-social-justice","tag-foodways","tag-culinary-history","tag-african-american-history","tag-enslaved-cooks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17002"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17002\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17003,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17002\/revisions\/17003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}