{"id":17022,"date":"2024-07-31T08:41:18","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T08:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17022"},"modified":"2024-07-31T08:41:18","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T08:41:18","slug":"triceratops-posture-upright-or-slouching","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/paleontology\/triceratops-posture-upright-or-slouching\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long Triceratops: \u0110\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng hay khom l\u01b0ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Triceratops: Th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng hay khom l\u01b0ng?<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Triceratops, lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long ba s\u1eebng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u1eef th\u1eb3ng tay ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long kh\u00e1c hay l\u00e0 l\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch \u0111i v\u1edbi khu\u1ef7u tay ch\u0129a sang hai b\u00ean?<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1nh tay tr\u00ean v\u00e0 vai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n

X\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n

Theo nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc John Hutchinson, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. “B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf”, Hutchinson gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. “C\u00e1c m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ceratopsia (nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 Triceratops thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1) kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch l\u1eafm, v\u00ec danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h2>\n\n

Hutchinson kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng “C\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi”. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Hutchinson v\u00e0 Shin-ichi Fujiwara \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Triceratops.<\/p>\n\n

\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 khu\u1ef7u tay<\/h2>\n\n

Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng, Hutchinson v\u00e0 Fujiwara \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u00f2n (\u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 khu\u1ef7u tay ch\u00ednh \u1edf ba chi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch khu\u1ef7u tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u00f2n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho Triceratops<\/h2>\n\n

Fujiwara v\u00e0 Hutchinson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Triceratops. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng Triceratops c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 tay ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef s\u00e1t v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long c\u00f3 s\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u00e1n th\u1eb3ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Hutchinson th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Triceratops c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf tay ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 dang r\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac”. “Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n cho ph\u1ea7n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf”.<\/p>\n\n

Protoceratops: M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n\n

Triceratops kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Fujiwara v\u00e0 Hutchinson c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra Protoceratops, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ceratopsia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb k\u1ef7 Ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 th\u1ebf tay ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng Protoceratops c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 “tay ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng Triceratops”.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n tay<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n tay \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n tay g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Hutchinson gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho desmostylia (m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 gi\u1ed1ng h\u00e0 m\u00e3\/l\u1ee3n) v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t bay Anhanguera”. “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi desmostylia nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Triceratops, ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n. Anhanguera c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf tay ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n hay b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n, v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng”.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho lo\u00e0i thylacine m\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng video v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Triceratops. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long c\u00f3 s\u1eebng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Triceratops: Th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng hay khom l\u01b0ng? H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 suy ng\u1eabm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23964,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[3022,137,134,22477,8240,2701],"class_list":["post-17022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-anatomy","tag-paleontology","tag-dinosaurs","tag-posture","tag-biomechanics","tag-triceratops"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17023,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17022\/revisions\/17023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}