{"id":17050,"date":"2024-09-13T03:33:29","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T03:33:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17050"},"modified":"2024-09-13T03:33:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T03:33:29","slug":"the-architecture-of-memory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/cognitive-science\/the-architecture-of-memory\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb: M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ghi nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p loci, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ghi nh\u1edb khai th\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng gian. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i quen thu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tri\u1ebft gia Edward S. Casey \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;khu v\u1ef1c&#8221; chung chung, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n<p>Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hai chi\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c, trong khi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1ea7n Lan Juhani Pallasmaa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n trong ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t k\u00fd \u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00fd \u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Sherlock Holmes v\u00e0 Joshua Foer<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sherlock Holmes:<\/strong> Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1m t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joshua Foer:<\/strong> Foer \u0111\u00e3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ed nh\u1edb Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24321,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1222],"tags":[2971,2307,22502,2508,1579,297,22503,22504,539],"class_list":["post-17050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cognitive-science","tag-built-environment","tag-human-body","tag-embodiment","tag-cognitive-science","tag-neuroscience","tag-architecture","tag-mind-palace","tag-spatial-recall","tag-memory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17050"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24322,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17050\/revisions\/24322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}