{"id":17270,"date":"2021-10-13T00:54:01","date_gmt":"2021-10-13T00:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17270"},"modified":"2021-10-13T00:54:01","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T00:54:01","slug":"lost-locke-manuscript-religious-tolerance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/lost-locke-manuscript-religious-tolerance\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a John Locke v\u1ec1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a John Locke v\u1ec1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng John Locke \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t\u6398 t\u1ea1i Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng St. John \u1edf Maryland. B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 khoan dung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c”, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u nay v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Locke v\u1ec1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Locke v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1667-8, b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 suy ngh\u0129 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Locke v\u1ec1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Locke, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o” theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c. Locke l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho s\u1ef1 khoan dung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 khoan dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Locke v\u1ec1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, “M\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khoan dung”, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e0y. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Locke tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hai danh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 khoan dung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Cole Simmons ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a Locke \u0111\u1ec3 khoan dung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00fd do \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng khoan dung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Sir Charles Wolseley<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch “T\u1ef1 do l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n” c\u1ee7a Sir Charles Wolseley. Locke d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Wolseley v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng St. John v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Locke, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Edward Clarke sau \u00c2m m\u01b0u Rye House b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Clarke c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Locke l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Locke. N\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a John Locke v\u1ec1 khoan dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[22748,22746,27,22747,98],"class_list":["post-17270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-western-liberalism","tag-john-locke","tag-history","tag-religious-tolerance","tag-philosophy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17270"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17271,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270\/revisions\/17271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}