{"id":17346,"date":"2021-04-11T11:05:17","date_gmt":"2021-04-11T11:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17346"},"modified":"2021-04-11T11:05:17","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T11:05:17","slug":"gene-editing-in-human-embryos-breakthrough-with-ethical-concerns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/genetics\/gene-editing-in-human-embryos-breakthrough-with-ethical-concerns\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR\/Cas9, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA, mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c gen khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n

CRISPR\/Cas9 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

CRISPR\/Cas9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 d\u00e1n c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CRISPR\/Cas9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o gen ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh tan m\u00e1u b\u1ea9m thalassemia, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n m\u00e1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i do nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda sai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR\/Cas9 c\u1eaft nh\u1ea7m c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DNA c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CRISPR\/Cas9 \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa gen th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng ph\u00f4i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a CRISPR\/Cas9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u00fa c\u01b0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 George Daley c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y Harvard, tin r\u1eb1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Junjiu Huang, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a y h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gen, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1628],"tags":[4826,4825,22818,97,99,8024,1129],"class_list":["post-17346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetics","tag-gene-editing","tag-crispr","tag-human-embryos","tag-science","tag-lifescienceart","tag-bioethics","tag-medicine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17346"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17347,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17346\/revisions\/17347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}