{"id":17350,"date":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17350"},"modified":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","slug":"ancient-skeletons-reveal-genetic-history-of-central-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-skeletons-reveal-genetic-history-of-central-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DNA t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Trung \u00c2u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA ty th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian di truy\u1ec1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 7.500 \u0111\u1ebfn 3.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 quy cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di c\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 s\u0103n-h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 5.500 TCN v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y mang theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft-h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u1ed1n th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng (Latvia, Litva, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c ng\u00e0y nay, v.v.) v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Iberia). Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n di truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang theo nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian di truy\u1ec1n do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u gen sau s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n b\u1eaft-h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xung l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft: Di v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa. Trong khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Trung \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u00f3 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1ed5 sung:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu DNA ty th\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf Sachsen-Anhalt, \u0110\u1ee9c, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian di truy\u1ec1n do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n theo th\u1eddi gian \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u DNA t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c2u C\u00e1c nh\u00e0&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[1017,22823,5138,2748,22824,15848,88,189,151,253],"class_list":["post-17350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-central-europe","tag-paleogenetics","tag-genetic-diversity","tag-migrations","tag-population-genetics","tag-archaeology","tag-human-ancestry","tag-neolithic","tag-prehistory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17351,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17350\/revisions\/17351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}