{"id":17396,"date":"2024-10-15T14:27:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T14:27:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17396"},"modified":"2024-10-15T14:27:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T14:27:28","slug":"the-escalator-a-revolutionary-invention-that-transformed-our-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/engineering\/the-escalator-a-revolutionary-invention-that-transformed-our-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Thang cu\u1ed1n: M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thang cu\u1ed1n: M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh<\/h2>\n\n

Thang cu\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u thang di \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nathan Ames h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1859. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thang cu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Jesse Reno v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1892 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Thang cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a Siegel Cooper \u1edf New York l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thang cu\u1ed1n khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thang m\u00e1y nghi\u00eang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1896.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

Thang cu\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. T\u1edd Boston Sunday Globe th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t truy\u1ec7n tranh ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 “m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111i thang cu\u1ed1n”.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thang cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Thang cu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thang cu\u1ed1n Central Mid-Levels \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Thang cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 phim v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. C\u1ea3nh phim trong b\u1ed9 phim “Elf”, khi Buddy c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i tr\u00ean thang cu\u1ed1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n

Charles Seeberger, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Wheeler, \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “thang cu\u1ed1n” v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Otis \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung, v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a thang cu\u1ed1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Thang cu\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian. Otis v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thang cu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Schindler c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Thang cu\u1ed1n, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thang cu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ph\u1ea1m vi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, thang cu\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thang cu\u1ed1n: M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Thang cu\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u thang di…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24615,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1213],"tags":[22882,497,37,2771,297,82,27,823],"class_list":["post-17396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-engineering","tag-commerce","tag-technology","tag-innovation","tag-transportation","tag-architecture","tag-engineering","tag-history","tag-urban-planning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17396"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24616,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17396\/revisions\/24616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}