{"id":17398,"date":"2022-01-28T00:17:09","date_gmt":"2022-01-28T00:17:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17398"},"modified":"2022-01-28T00:17:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-28T00:17:09","slug":"ancient-mesopotamia-border-disputes-and-the-power-of-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/ancient-mesopotamia-border-disputes-and-the-power-of-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash: Tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: Tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n

Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch 4.500 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam Sumer, nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash-Umma<\/h2>\n\n

Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2400 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh bang k\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch Lagash v\u00e0 Umma \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Iraq ng\u00e0y nay. Cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gu’edina, hay “R\u00eca \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng”. Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Enmetena, vua c\u1ee7a Lagash, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/h2>\n\n

Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi”, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111ang tranh ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Mesilim: M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c trong ngo\u1ea1i giao<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Lagash v\u00e0 Umma cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Mesilim. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2550 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bia \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ef1ng d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft: M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tinh vi<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tinh vi \u1edf L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Umma b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft t\u00ean v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t ch\u1eef l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 Bia \u0111\u00e1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Lagash l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed gia v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: Tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i M\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[22883,19642,27,1880,6462,22884],"class_list":["post-17398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-ancient-mesopotamia","tag-cuneiform","tag-history","tag-diplomacy","tag-linguistics","tag-border-disputes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17398"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17399,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17398\/revisions\/17399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}