{"id":17407,"date":"2024-05-15T17:10:25","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T17:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17407"},"modified":"2024-05-15T17:10:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T17:10:25","slug":"polish-nuns-murdered-soviets-wwii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history\/polish-nuns-murdered-soviets-wwii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu Ba Lan b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 Ba Lan b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Ba Lan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ba n\u1eef tu s\u0129 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. C\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh Catherine th\u00e0nh Alexandria v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1945 khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Ba Lan.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Orneta, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Ba Lan. Vi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan (IPN), c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed9i \u00e1c do \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n g\u00e2y ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00f4n c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00e1o d\u00f2ng. H\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb Rolanda (Maria Abraham), Gunhilda (Dorota Steffen) v\u00e0 Bona (Anna Pestka).<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Theo tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a IPN, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129, ch\u1ecb Krzysztofora, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m 16 nh\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00ea v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u00f3c m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1eaft l\u01b0\u1ee1i. M\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ecb Generosa, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong v\u00ec v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng sau m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u1edf Ba Lan<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ee5 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n Ba Lan trong v\u00e0 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. Khi H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Ba Lan, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Katyn khi\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 22.000 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ba Lan thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n Ba Lan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft xung quanh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ba Lan \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean phong cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

L\u00ean \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1edbi Ba Lan trong v\u00e0 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Katyn v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 Ba Lan.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1eefa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 Ba Lan b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23390,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[22889,17973,22892,22891,22890,56],"class_list":["post-17407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-polish-nuns","tag-historical-truth","tag-lest-we-forget","tag-mass-grave","tag-soviet-atrocities","tag-world-war-ii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17407"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17408,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17407\/revisions\/17408"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}