{"id":17429,"date":"2024-03-23T04:47:22","date_gmt":"2024-03-23T04:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17429"},"modified":"2024-03-23T04:47:22","modified_gmt":"2024-03-23T04:47:22","slug":"human-hand-evolution-bone-smashing-machine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/human-hand-evolution-bone-smashing-machine\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Li\u1ec7u b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eadp x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2,6 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00faa th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o (Homo habilis), m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o”.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m s\u0103n b\u1eafn, ki\u1ebfm \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 – \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u1ee7y – \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e0n tay th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1ee7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1eadp x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 39 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Pleistocen trong khi \u0111eo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pliance. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u1eebng ng\u00f3n tay trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ebb qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch, l\u1ea5y t\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebdo \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i, ng\u00f3n tr\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n gi\u1eefa lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eadp x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t, trong khi b\u1ebb qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadp x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n\n

Trong khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n, th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u \u0111\u01b0a tr\u00ean c\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2015 cho th\u1ea5y b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi “nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y” h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ec9 m\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 m\u0169 \u1edf Panama s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 v\u1ecf s\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u00e0n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y t\u1ee7y. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Li\u1ec7u b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eadp x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng? S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[22915,15601,22917,22916,22918,487],"class_list":["post-17429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-bone-smashing","tag-stone-tools","tag-primate-anatomy","tag-hand-dexterity","tag-survival-and-adaptation","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17430,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17429\/revisions\/17430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}