{"id":17576,"date":"2025-09-13T00:00:41","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T00:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17576"},"modified":"2025-09-13T00:00:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T00:00:41","slug":"the-evolution-of-bipedalism-in-hominids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/evolution\/the-evolution-of-bipedalism-in-hominids\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i Th\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ee9ng: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb Taung \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb Taung, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam v\u00e0 Lucy, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u1edbn. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i Ardipithecus ramidus, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 4,4 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Darwin:<\/strong> T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4i tay \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u0103n b\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Lovejoy:<\/strong> T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 con non.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Rodman v\u00e0 McHenry:<\/strong> T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n hai ch\u00e2n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Sahelanthropus tchadensis v\u00e0 Orrorin tugenensis, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadu, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4i tay cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i, cong, cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean c\u00e2y. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi Homo erectus xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1,89 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng cao l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i hai ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n then ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hominid T\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai ch\u00e2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1327],"tags":[23091,1568,22878,1906,19903,23092,2949,1738],"class_list":["post-17576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evolution","tag-ardipithecus-ramidus","tag-paleoanthropology","tag-evolutionary-adaptations","tag-bipedalism","tag-hominid-evolution","tag-lucy","tag-homo-erectus","tag-human-origins"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17576"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24933,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17576\/revisions\/24933"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}