{"id":17670,"date":"2024-10-29T13:31:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T13:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17670"},"modified":"2024-10-29T13:31:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T13:31:12","slug":"corn-americas-food-staple-hidden-costs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/ecology\/corn-americas-food-staple-hidden-costs\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4: Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u00f4: Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ng\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c si\u00eau th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 25% t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a ng\u00f4. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ng\u1ecdt cho \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ng\u00f4. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh Haber-Bosch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy tr\u00ecnh Haber-Bosch r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00f4 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y ng\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1m d\u01b0 th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u01b0a axit v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nitrat trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n chu tr\u00ecnh nit\u01a1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Mexico<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu oxy, hay v\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft, \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Mexico. Nit\u01a1 ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00f3n cho t\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf c\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n canh c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nit\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n<p>Khi gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c canh ng\u00f4 ng\u1ed1n nit\u01a1. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ng\u00f4: Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Ng\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[23201,283,11089,287,177,120,8133,219],"class_list":["post-17670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology","tag-corn","tag-environment","tag-nitrogen","tag-agriculture","tag-pollution","tag-sustainability","tag-food-production","tag-ecology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24740,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17670\/revisions\/24740"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}