{"id":17682,"date":"2022-08-03T18:03:41","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T18:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17682"},"modified":"2022-08-03T18:03:41","modified_gmt":"2022-08-03T18:03:41","slug":"feasting-rituals-cornerstones-human-civilization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/feasting-rituals-cornerstones-human-civilization\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng: \u0110\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng: \u0110\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i hoang d\u00e3 th\u00e0nh v\u0103n minh. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 chung tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Paracas<\/h2>\n\n

Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Paracas c\u1ee7a Peru c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9 Cerro del Gentil, m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ecba v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t pampa kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean thung l\u0169ng Chincha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Paracas \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh quan sa m\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1 ch\u00ed th\u00e1ng 6, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Paracas.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch stronti v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch stronti trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Cerro del Gentil cho th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Titicaca v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam Peru. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Paracas \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Paracas ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf Peru c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh n\u00e0y qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c “nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f3a” n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed tinh vi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gian l\u1eadn, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00f3m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng: \u0110\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[23215,5292,7210,88,1727,132,487,7965],"class_list":["post-17682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-feasting","tag-social-behavior","tag-cooperation","tag-archaeology","tag-rituals","tag-anthropology","tag-human-evolution","tag-civilization"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17683,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17682\/revisions\/17683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}