{"id":17686,"date":"2024-06-30T07:31:50","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T07:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17686"},"modified":"2024-06-30T07:31:50","modified_gmt":"2024-06-30T07:31:50","slug":"juanita-moody-code-breaking-pioneer-cuban-missile-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/history-of-science\/juanita-moody-code-breaking-pioneer-cuban-missile-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Juanita Moody: Chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Juanita Moody: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 trong Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Sinh n\u0103m 1924 t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Carolina, Juanita Moody l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 ti\u00ean phong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3. B\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb T\u00ecnh b\u00e1o T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 NSA) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1943, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Moody \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. B\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 NSA ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1961, Moody tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng Cuba c\u1ee7a NSA, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Cuba. Khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng leo thang trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 Cuba<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, Moody \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962, n\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u1edf Cuba. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Moody, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bay do th\u00e1m U-2 bay qua Cuba. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba.<\/p>\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edd v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Moody \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Juanita Moody \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 trong Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

Moody \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c do nam gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 n\u00eau b\u1eadt vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng trong an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 Moody ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Juanita Moody<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Juanita Moody v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean gia t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Juanita Moody: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 trong Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda Cuba Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ban \u0111\u1ea7u Sinh n\u0103m 1924 t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Carolina, Juanita Moody…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[3820,23217,23216,1046,211,1048],"class_list":["post-17686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-national-security","tag-cuban-missile-crisis","tag-juanita-moody","tag-code-breaking","tag-women-in-stem","tag-intelligence"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17686"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17687,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17686\/revisions\/17687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}