{"id":17718,"date":"2024-09-19T16:23:56","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T16:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17718"},"modified":"2024-09-19T16:23:56","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T16:23:56","slug":"little-foot-the-most-complete-australopithecus-fossil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/paleontology\/little-foot-the-most-complete-australopithecus-fossil\/","title":{"rendered":"Little Foot: H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch Australopithecus ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf: H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch Australopithecus ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 khai qu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1994, nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ron Clarke ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1n m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Sterkfontein \u1edf Nam Phi. Tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 breccia.<\/p>\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t gian kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. Clarke v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 kim \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 m\u1ecfng manh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf”.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n\n

B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Trong khi Lucy, b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ethiopia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh kho\u1ea3ng 40%, th\u00ec B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 90% v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i Australopithecus kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Lucy v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 3,67 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Clarke v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho r\u1eb1ng B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u00f4ng Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c \u1edf Nam Phi cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Sau 20 n\u0103m khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Nam Phi t\u1ea1i H\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Witwatersrand \u1edf Johannesburg. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch to l\u1edbn trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m t\u1edbi, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 25 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam n\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf: H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch Australopithecus ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 khai qu\u1eadt N\u0103m 1994, nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ron Clarke ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1n m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eaft c\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[23254,137,2702,23253,132,487],"class_list":["post-17718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-australopithecus","tag-paleontology","tag-fossil","tag-little-foot","tag-anthropology","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24382,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17718\/revisions\/24382"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}