Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pho m\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb th\u00edch s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n
Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eefa b\u00f2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i du m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Great Steppes c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di h\u00e0i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf \u00c2u-\u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t enzyme lactase, cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eefa trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n
Enzyme n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 du nh\u1eadp enzyme lactase m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang theo gen gi\u00fap t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u cao, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n
Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Anatolia t\u1eeb Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6.500 TCN, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen lactase.<\/p>\n\n
Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anatolia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p gen cho m\u00e0u da s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m gen c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1\u8208\u8d77 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m sang c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 lao v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh phong l\u00e2y lan. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eefa \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i du m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Great Steppes c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp enzyme lactase \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eefa n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eefa \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh 4.000 n\u0103m Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eefa \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23299],"tags":[3067,188,12801,23298,287,136,23297],"class_list":["post-17759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-evolution-and-adaptation","tag-europe","tag-genetics","tag-disease-resistance","tag-nomadic-herders","tag-agriculture","tag-evolution","tag-dairy-digestion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17760,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17759\/revisions\/17760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}