{"id":17767,"date":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17767"},"modified":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","slug":"fda-approves-first-over-the-counter-birth-control-pill-increasing-access-to-contraception","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/medicine\/fda-approves-first-over-the-counter-birth-control-pill-increasing-access-to-contraception\/","title":{"rendered":"FDA ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

FDA ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00f4m th\u1ee9 N\u0103m, C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (FDA) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t khi ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (OTC). Lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Opill, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n

Melissa Simon, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 khoa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Northwestern, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai OTC. “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn”, c\u00f4 n\u00f3i. “Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai OTC \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 100 qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00e1nh thai”.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh thai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20% ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 49 \u0111ang u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1edbi 99% trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba thai ngh\u00e9n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Theo NBC News, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Opill l\u00e0 93%.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh: thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a progestin. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c hormone estrogen v\u00e0 progestin. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 progestin, bao g\u1ed3m Opill, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a progestin.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ee6y ban FDA \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Opill, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, chu\u1ed9t r\u00fat ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y v\u00ec thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn xem c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Nhi khoa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Y khoa Hoa K\u1ef3 (AMA) \u0111\u00e3 hoan ngh\u00eanh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a FDA, cho bi\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n

“V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng”, Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a AMA cho bi\u1ebft. “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi FDA xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xin ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n”.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thai ngh\u00e9n ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/h2>\n\n

Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mang thai ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c. Kho\u1ea3ng 45% trong s\u1ed1 s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u ca mang thai \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 ca mang thai ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n

Sa m\u1ea1c tr\u00e1nh thai v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Power to Decide, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba mang thai ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 19 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c tr\u00e1nh thai, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai do c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u v\u1eabn cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 xin ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Opill<\/h2>\n\n

Sau khi Opill \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c\u2014theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2024\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 progestin s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, Perrigo s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m nay. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 15-30 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m chi tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n

Trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

\u201cN\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d, Lupe M. Rodr\u00edguez, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Sinh s\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c gia Latina cho bi\u1ebft. “B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m chi tr\u1ea3”.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FDA ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[23308,22873,23309,3886,19949,23307],"class_list":["post-17767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicine","tag-over-the-counter","tag-birth-control","tag-unintended-pregnancy","tag-fda-approval","tag-reproductive-health","tag-contraception"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17768,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767\/revisions\/17768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}