{"id":17769,"date":"2020-12-04T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17769"},"modified":"2020-12-04T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T09:00:00","slug":"ancient-manuscripts-of-timbuktu-a-treasure-trove-of-african-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/culture\/ancient-manuscripts-of-timbuktu-a-treasure-trove-of-african-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Timbuktu: Kho t\u00e0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Timbuktu: Kho t\u00e0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u Phi<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea8n m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c \u1edf Timbuktu, Mali, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Timbuktu n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sankore, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1500, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Timbuktu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Abdel Kader Haidara, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Savama-DCI, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Haidara \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Timbuktu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n

Trung t\u00e2m Ahmed Baba, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Timbuktu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u Phi. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Timbuktu \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Timbuktu, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trang gi\u1ea5y m\u1ecfng manh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp v\u00e0 b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Timbuktu l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, th\u1ee7 th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Timbuktu: Kho t\u00e0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u Phi \u1ea8n m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c \u1edf Timbuktu, Mali, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1192],"tags":[19902,817,89,15307,3116],"class_list":["post-17769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","tag-ancient-manuscripts","tag-preservation","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-african-history","tag-timbuktu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17770,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17769\/revisions\/17770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}