{"id":1784,"date":"2024-05-25T20:22:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-25T20:22:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1784"},"modified":"2024-05-25T20:22:15","modified_gmt":"2024-05-25T20:22:15","slug":"mary-thomas-fireburn-rebellion-colonial-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/mary-thomas-fireburn-rebellion-colonial-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Mary Thomas: Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mary Thomas: Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Mary Thomas ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o Caribbean, bao g\u1ed3m Saint Croix, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. N\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1848, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd m\u00ecnh. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n Fireburn<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1878, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n Fireburn. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Mary Thomas, Axeline Elizabeth Salomon v\u00e0 Mathilda McBean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Thomas, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng” ho\u1eb7c “N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Mary”, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Mary Thomas nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, 140 n\u0103m sau cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n Fireburn, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh b\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Copenhagen. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Mary”, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Thomas ng\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf m\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m \u0111u\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tay kia c\u1ea7m dao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft m\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da m\u00e0u. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110an M\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mary Thomas t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u1edf v\u00f9ng Caribe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u1ed3ng m\u00eda, v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n Fireburn.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Thomas trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n

Mary Thomas n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n Fireburn. S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thomas \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n Fireburn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Saint Croix v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c \u0110an M\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u00f9ng Caribe. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mary Thomas l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169. N\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u1ed7i \u0111au v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mary Thomas l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mary Thomas: Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Mary Thomas ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi trong giai…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3856,3855,1434,3854,1003],"class_list":["post-1784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-colonial-resistance","tag-fireburn-rebellion","tag-black-history","tag-mary-thomas","tag-women-in-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1784"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1785,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1784\/revisions\/1785"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}