{"id":17920,"date":"2024-09-26T10:19:13","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T10:19:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17920"},"modified":"2024-09-26T10:19:13","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T10:19:13","slug":"can-monkeys-think-like-humans-theory-of-mind-and-animal-cognition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/animal-behavior\/can-monkeys-think-like-humans-theory-of-mind-and-animal-cognition\/","title":{"rendered":"Li\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Li\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tinh tinh v\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m “Sally-Anne” kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng trong m\u1ed9t trong hai chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p kia. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quay l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm trong chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n

Lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Laurie Santos d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c cho lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 xem hai qu\u1ea3 nho \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc g\u1eady c\u00e1ch nhau v\u00e0i feet. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9ng sau m\u1ed9t trong hai qu\u1ea3 nho, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi con kh\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m nho t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e3o gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed tinh vi h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang ta h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e3o gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u1edf lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Li\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng suy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24445,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[3289,5791,97,6193,1401,136],"class_list":["post-17920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-primates","tag-monkeys","tag-science","tag-animal-cognition","tag-theory-of-mind","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17920"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24446,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17920\/revisions\/24446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}