{"id":17975,"date":"2024-08-13T09:36:10","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T09:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17975"},"modified":"2024-08-13T09:36:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T09:36:10","slug":"okmok-volcano-eruption-roman-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/okmok-volcano-eruption-roman-republic\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 43 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Julius Caesar b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Octavian \u0111ang tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi ch\u00ecm trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok phun tr\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y: n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok \u1edf Alaska phun tr\u00e0o. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f5i b\u0103ng, v\u00f2ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok \u0111\u00e3 phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 43 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, phun ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tro b\u1ee5i n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh dioxide v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Tro b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed gas \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m trung b\u00ecnh 13 \u0111\u1ed9 F \u1edf Nam \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi. S\u1ef1 ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf La M\u00e3. t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Octavian<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho Octavian n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Tam h\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi Mark Antony v\u00e0 Lepidus, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. N\u0103m 27 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Octavian tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Augustus, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Octavian l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb l\u00f5i b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u00f5i b\u0103ng \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Greenland c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 axit sulfuric cao, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tephra<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tephra, hay v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee7y tinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c l\u00f5i b\u0103ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tephra tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1eabn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Octavian cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed La M\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro do c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fai l\u1eeda Okmok phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3 H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i N\u0103m 43 tr\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":24051,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[34,207,620,4111,247,568,1945],"class_list":["post-17975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-climate-change","tag-geology","tag-ancient-rome","tag-roman-history","tag-environmental-history","tag-volcanoes","tag-natural-disasters"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17975"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17976,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17975\/revisions\/17976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}