{"id":18008,"date":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18008"},"modified":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","slug":"first-flybys-of-planets-in-the-solar-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/astronomy-and-space-science\/first-flybys-of-planets-in-the-solar-system\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n bay ngang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qua t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh tinh trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n bay ngang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qua t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh tinh trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao Kim: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1962, t\u00e0u Mariner 2 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng r\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a sao Kim l\u00e0 930 \u0111\u1ed9 F v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c carbon dioxide. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Kim nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao H\u1ecfa: C\u1ea3nh quan hoang vu c\u1ee7a H\u00e0nh tinh \u0110\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, t\u00e0u Mariner 4 \u0111\u00e3 bay ngang sao H\u1ecfa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1965, ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hoang vu, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1 va ch\u1ea1m, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Mariner 4 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa l\u00e0 -148 \u0111\u1ed9 F v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao M\u1ed9c: G\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0110\u1ecf l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang sao M\u1ed9c n\u0103m 1973 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u Pioneer 10 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 500 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0110\u1ecf l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Pioneer 10 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra &#8220;\u0111u\u00f4i&#8221; t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao Th\u1ee7y: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1 va ch\u1ea1m<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u00e0u Mariner 10 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang sao Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1 va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ee7y, b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n m\u1ecfng, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u00f5i gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Mariner 10 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 40% b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao Th\u1ed5: H\u00e0nh tinh c\u00f3 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang sao Th\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1979 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u Pioneer 11 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai m\u1edbi, v\u00e0nh \u0111ai F h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 124 d\u1eb7m. T\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng sao Th\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m hydro l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 -292 \u0111\u1ed9 F. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Pioneer 11 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Cassini v\u1ec1 sao Th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sao H\u1ea3i V\u01b0\u01a1ng: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Voyager 2 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t &#8220;Chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i&#8221; trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u1ebfm hoi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m sao Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sao H\u1ea3i V\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Voyager 2 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra 11 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao H\u1ea3i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0110\u1ecf l\u1edbn tr\u00ean sao M\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 s\u00e1u m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Voyager 2 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bay ngang qua m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng l\u1edbn Triton c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ea3i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ecfm b\u0103ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sao l\u00f9n Ceres c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m s\u00e1ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dawn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quay quanh hai thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m Ceres, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Dawn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m s\u00e1ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Ceres, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu cao kh\u00e1c. Dawn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c quay quanh Ceres \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xa x\u00f4i<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh tinh<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng gian trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay ngang v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gian, m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n bay ngang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qua t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh tinh trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi Sao Kim: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng N\u0103m 1962, t\u00e0u Mariner&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23583],"tags":[23582,1173,434,815,3619,435],"class_list":["post-18008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-space-science","tag-flybys","tag-solar-system","tag-space-exploration","tag-planetary-science","tag-scientific-discoveries","tag-astronomy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18008"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18009,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18008\/revisions\/18009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}