{"id":18064,"date":"2020-01-05T03:00:37","date_gmt":"2020-01-05T03:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18064"},"modified":"2020-01-05T03:00:37","modified_gmt":"2020-01-05T03:00:37","slug":"black-widow-spiders-under-attack-rise-brown-widow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/black-widow-spiders-under-attack-rise-brown-widow\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng: S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng: S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en: K\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00e1t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i nh\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0103n c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi do v\u1ebft c\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng huy\u1ebft thanh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1edbi: nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u Phi ho\u1eb7c Nam M\u1ef9, nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm m\u1ecdi ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u Nam C\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935 v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

S\u0103n m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh: M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u r\u1ea5t hung d\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. H\u00e0nh vi s\u0103n m\u1ed3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hung d\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en non, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00fang trong 80% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Trong c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p nh\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0103n th\u1ecbt trong 40% c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, trong khi ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u trong 30% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf. Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi so v\u1edbi nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en, mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1eefa nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00edch ng\u00e1ch sinh th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hung d\u1eef, trong khi nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en l\u1ea1i nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i: H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 con m\u1ed3i trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua s\u0103n m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng: S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 n\u00e2u Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en: K\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ec7n g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111en,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[5638,23641,23642,3162,7454,286,219],"class_list":["post-18064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-predation","tag-black-widow-spiders","tag-brown-widow-spiders","tag-competition","tag-entomology","tag-invasive-species","tag-ecology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18064"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18065,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18064\/revisions\/18065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}