{"id":1812,"date":"2023-07-27T08:50:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T08:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1812"},"modified":"2023-07-27T08:50:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T08:50:51","slug":"the-roots-of-computer-code-in-telegraph-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/technology\/the-roots-of-computer-code-in-telegraph-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o, do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh nh\u01b0 Samuel Morse ti\u00ean phong, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t ph\u00edm c\u1ee7a Morse \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Jean-Maurice-\u00c9mile Baudot \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Baudot: M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Sinh n\u0103m 1845, \u00c9milie Baudot l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o Hughes v\u00e0 Meyer, Baudot \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o m\u1edbi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

\u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Baudot s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n n\u0103m bit, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Baudot g\u1eedi c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 trong m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u00e3 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00e3 Baudot: Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ASCII<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Baudot, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00e3 Baudot, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi M\u00e3 Morse v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e3 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ASCII (M\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin), m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o in: Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Baudot kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o in, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ghi l\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u0103ng gi\u1ea5y. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0n ph\u00edm n\u0103m ph\u00edm v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o Meyer, Baudot \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y. Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1edbi b\u00e0n ph\u00edm n\u0103m ph\u00edm, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

In k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

In k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 do Baudot ti\u00ean phong, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ghi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940 v\u00e0 1950. Th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u0103ng telex l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Baudot<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Baudot \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n n\u0103m bit c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o in c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Baud, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho modem, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Jean-Maurice-\u00c9mile Baudot. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n n\u0103m bit v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o in, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Baudot ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o M\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 M\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o, do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[999],"tags":[3904,37,3454,3906,3905],"class_list":["post-1812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology","tag-computer-code","tag-innovation","tag-history-of-technology","tag-telegraph","tag-digital-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1812"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1813,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1812\/revisions\/1813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}