\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba T\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 550 TCN \u0111\u1ebfn 650 SCN v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ba tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1edbn: \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Achaemenes, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Parthia v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Sassanid.<\/p>\n\n
L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y \u00c1 trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, v\u1eeba ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Achaemenes, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Cyrus \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 TCN, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb S\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ai C\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Achaemenes n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i Persepolis. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c tinh x\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n
Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Achaemenes, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Parthia v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Sassanid \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Parthia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung th\u1ee7 c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sassanid, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 cung \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Hy L\u1ea1p-Ba T\u01b0, di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 TCN, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 490 TCN v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1ea1i Tr\u1eadn Salamis v\u00e0o n\u0103m 480 TCN.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Hy L\u1ea1p-Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ba T\u01b0, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i trong tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Athens nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 334 TCN, Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf, Vua x\u1ee9 Macedonia, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba T\u01b0. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, Alexander \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Alexander c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ba T\u01b0. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kinh \u0111\u00f4 Persepolis c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Achaemenes. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o Ba T\u01b0, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ba T\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n
Bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 Getty \u1edf Los Angeles hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “Ba T\u01b0: Iran c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n”. Cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y h\u01a1n 300 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cung \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Persepolis, cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1\u5b8f\u4f1fc\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n vang v\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba T\u01b0: M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba T\u01b0 l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[18282,23733,23741,23736,23737,23739,23740,23735,23738,23734],"class_list":["post-18156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-alexander-the-great","tag-ancient-persia","tag-getty-villa","tag-achaemenid-empire","tag-parthian-empire","tag-greco-persian-wars","tag-persepolis","tag-persian-empire","tag-sasanian-empire","tag-classical-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18156"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18157,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18156\/revisions\/18157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}