{"id":18205,"date":"2022-02-20T14:14:17","date_gmt":"2022-02-20T14:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18205"},"modified":"2022-02-20T14:14:17","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T14:14:17","slug":"dogs-and-humans-evolution-migration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/dogs-and-humans-evolution-migration\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u1edfi DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 15.000 n\u0103m, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

Di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed di c\u01b0 kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mang theo ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, du nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh DNA c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 11.000 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ch\u00f3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m New Guinea, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, B\u1eafc \u00c2u, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Siberia.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 chung ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 n\u0103m \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y khi n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 7.000 n\u0103m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Siberia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 Husky Sibir mang DNA t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Siberia. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 Chihuahua c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c di truy\u1ec1n \u1edf Mexico. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u DNA c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang theo ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, ch\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[1017,1714,188,23818,741,88,19417],"class_list":["post-18205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-human-migration","tag-genetics","tag-domestication-of-dogs","tag-zoology","tag-archaeology","tag-canine-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18205"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18206,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205\/revisions\/18206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}