{"id":18331,"date":"2024-06-06T19:15:54","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T19:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18331"},"modified":"2024-06-06T19:15:54","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T19:15:54","slug":"zebra-stripes-mystery-solved-biting-flies-revealed-as-driving-force","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/zebra-stripes-mystery-solved-biting-flies-revealed-as-driving-force\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n: B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n: B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n

Trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t cho t\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i UC Davis d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Ru\u1ed3i \u0111en: K\u1ebb th\u1ee7 kh\u00f3 ng\u1edd<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ru\u1ed3i \u0111en. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 27 lo\u00e0i ng\u1ef1a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, c\u1ea3 ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eb1n, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i \u0111en trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ru\u1ed3i \u0111en sinh s\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1eb1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt, quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edf ra<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ru\u1ed3i \u0111en. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ru\u1ed3i \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111en tr\u1eafng, khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1eb1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

V\u1eb1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

Trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1eb1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eb1n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong giao ti\u1ebfp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ru\u1ed3i \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00edch nghi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u1ef1a, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n, ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u1eeba. Theo th\u1eddi gian, ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1eb1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc do ru\u1ed3i \u0111en g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u01a1i ru\u1ed3i \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 v\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. Th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y: ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ru\u1ed3i \u0111en. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n: B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eb1n ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 Trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[309,613,23974,16791,3557],"class_list":["post-18331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-scientific-discovery","tag-biting-flies","tag-zebra-stripes","tag-evolutionary-adaptation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18331"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18332,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18331\/revisions\/18332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}