{"id":18445,"date":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18445"},"modified":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","slug":"the-heart-balm-racket-how-women-were-blamed-for-broken-engagements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/relationships\/the-heart-balm-racket-how-women-were-blamed-for-broken-engagements\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i: Khi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i v\u00ec h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc tan v\u1ee1"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i: Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i v\u00ec h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1<\/h2>\n\n

Lu\u1eadt vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a” cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec7n h\u00f4n phu\/h\u00f4n th\u00ea c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u1ee7y h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

Khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tin, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111ang l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y b\u1ecb g\u1eafn m\u00e1c “k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ecf”, “k\u1ebb m\u01b0u m\u00f4” v\u00e0 “k\u1ebb phi\u00eau l\u01b0u”. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c\u717d \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3 tin.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ee7y b\u1ecf Lu\u1eadt l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1935, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Roberta West Nicholson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Indiana. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang kh\u00e1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m theo, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, 16 ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ea1n l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Lu\u1eadt l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadt vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ee7y h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Roberta West Nicholson: Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch cho quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n

Roberta West Nicholson l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Indiana v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nicholson v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh \u00e1i: Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i v\u00ec h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 Lu\u1eadt vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1803],"tags":[2260,3633,169,24121,19311,6023,19309],"class_list":["post-18445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-relationships","tag-marriage","tag-legal-history","tag-womens-history","tag-heart-balm-racket","tag-love-and-law","tag-gender-roles","tag-breach-of-promise"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18445"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18446,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445\/revisions\/18446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}