{"id":18475,"date":"2024-06-09T11:47:04","date_gmt":"2024-06-09T11:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18475"},"modified":"2024-06-09T11:47:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-09T11:47:04","slug":"apollo-theater-legacy-african-american-entertainment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/performing-arts\/apollo-theater-legacy-african-american-entertainment\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo: Di s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo: Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Phi M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m Harlem, Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Phi M\u1ef9 trong h\u01a1n 75 n\u0103m. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1934 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n tho\u00e1t y d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 da tr\u1eafng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935, nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u1ee5t s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Apollo l\u00e0 Ralph Cooper, nam di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean, ph\u00e1t thanh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u n\u0103m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c thi Amateur Night (\u0110\u00eam c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0) mang t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u1eabn kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<p>Frank Schiffman v\u00e0 Leo Brecher, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935, \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1p k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 cu\u1ed9c thi Amateur Night, cu\u1ed9c thi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean 21 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 Count Basie Orchestra v\u00e0 Duke Ellington Orchestra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u01a1i khai sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/h3>\n\n<p>Trong 16 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, Apollo l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ban nh\u1ea1c nh\u1ea1c jazz, ca s\u0129, v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean h\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald v\u00e0 Nat &#8220;King&#8221; Cole \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eebng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c bebop v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c blues.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Apollo tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c rock and roll. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a &#8220;Little Richard&#8221; Penniman, Chuck Berry v\u00e0 Bo Diddley \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Elvis Presley.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Soul<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1970. James Brown, &#8220;cha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ea1c soul&#8221;, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1ea1c soul, nh\u1ea1c funk v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c hip-hop. Aretha Franklin, &#8220;n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1c soul&#8221;, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Apollo, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf si\u00eau sao to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng, Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo c\u00f2n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Phi M\u1ef9. Smokey Robinson nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng Ray Charles \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n h\u00f2a \u00e2m cho nh\u1eefng ca kh\u00fac m\u00e0 Robinson v\u00e0 ban nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, The Miracles, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00eam ra m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i Apollo v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1958. Sam Cooke \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi cho b\u1ea3n hit &#8220;I&#8217;m Alright&#8221; c\u1ee7a The Imperials ngay t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/h3>\n\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 song. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Phi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 n\u00f3i chung. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c thi Amateur Night v\u1eabn l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i g\u1ea1o c\u1ed9i trong n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Phi M\u1ef9, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Billie Holiday<\/li>\n<li>Ella Fitzgerald<\/li>\n<li>Nat &#8220;King&#8221; Cole<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Little Richard&#8221; Penniman<\/li>\n<li>Chuck Berry<\/li>\n<li>Bo Diddley<\/li>\n<li>James Brown<\/li>\n<li>Aretha Franklin<\/li>\n<li>Tina Turner<\/li>\n<li>Richard Pryor<\/li>\n<li>Michael Jackson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u00eam c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c thi Amateur Night t\u1ea1i Apollo l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Amateur Night:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ella Fitzgerald<\/li>\n<li>Sarah Vaughan<\/li>\n<li>Sammy Davis Jr.<\/li>\n<li>Gladys Knight<\/li>\n<li>Patti LaBelle<\/li>\n<li>Michael Jackson<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo: Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Phi M\u1ef9 T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m Harlem, Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Apollo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Phi&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23617,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[24152,788,3064,2108,37,4261,27,63],"class_list":["post-18475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-performing-arts","tag-african-american-entertainment","tag-music","tag-legacy","tag-dance","tag-innovation","tag-comedy","tag-history","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18476,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18475\/revisions\/18476"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}