{"id":18511,"date":"2020-06-06T00:28:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T00:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18511"},"modified":"2020-06-06T00:28:27","modified_gmt":"2020-06-06T00:28:27","slug":"chauvet-cave-prehistoric-art-shamanism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/chauvet-cave-prehistoric-art-shamanism\/","title":{"rendered":"Hang Chauvet: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 m\u1edf ra t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1994, ba nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet \u1edf h\u1ebbm n\u00fai Ard\u00e8che c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 36.000 n\u0103m. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n

Shaman gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Jean Clottes cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c psilocybin g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than c\u1ee7i, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hematit \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u00f4 m\u00e0u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet. S\u01b0 t\u1eed, t\u00ea gi\u00e1c, ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh s\u0103n b\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c nghi l\u1ec5 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Caverne du Pont d\u2019Arc<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet m\u1ecfng manh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do du l\u1ecbch g\u00e2y ra, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Caverne du Pont d\u2019Arc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea3n sao n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho du kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadp vai v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch quan tr\u1ecdng, thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd du l\u1ecbch theo c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ecfng manh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a N\u0103m 1994, ba nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,148,132,24187,487,3502],"class_list":["post-18511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-prehistoric-art","tag-anthropology","tag-shamanism","tag-human-evolution","tag-cave-paintings"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18511"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18512,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18511\/revisions\/18512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}