{"id":18566,"date":"2019-08-12T19:08:58","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T19:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18566"},"modified":"2019-08-12T19:08:58","modified_gmt":"2019-08-12T19:08:58","slug":"toni-morrison-a-literary-giant-who-cataloged-the-african-american-experience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/toni-morrison-a-literary-giant-who-cataloged-the-african-american-experience\/","title":{"rendered":"Toni Morrison: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toni Morrison: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

Toni Morrison, t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Chloe Ardelia Wofford, sinh n\u0103m 1931, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Lorain, Ohio. Cha b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i b\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Morrison b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. B\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Toni khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Howard, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u0103m 1953. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Morrison c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay “The Bluest Eye”. Cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i da \u0111en tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pecola Breedlove, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ti v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u, “The Bluest Eye” \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Morrison, bao g\u1ed3m “Sula” (1973) v\u00e0 “Song of Solomon” (1977).<\/p>\n\n

Beloved: M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1987, Morrison xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, “Beloved”. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Margaret Garner, m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n n\u00f3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, “Beloved” \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer cho ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh phim c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Oprah Winfrey. Cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Morrison \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng qua v\u0103n xu\u00f4i tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Morrison \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 da \u0111en v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Morrison v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Morrison \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1993, gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer n\u0103m 1988 v\u00e0 Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 2012. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Morrison ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Toni Morrison<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Toni Morrison c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, Morrison \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vang v\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i sau khi b\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toni Morrison: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Toni Morrison, t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Chloe Ardelia…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3659,535,16641,540,765,24252,8696,22275],"class_list":["post-18566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-trauma","tag-nobel-prize","tag-pulitzer-prize","tag-identity","tag-slavery","tag-black-women","tag-toni-morrison","tag-african-american-literature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18566"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18567,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18566\/revisions\/18567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}