{"id":18576,"date":"2019-05-18T21:52:32","date_gmt":"2019-05-18T21:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18576"},"modified":"2019-05-18T21:52:32","modified_gmt":"2019-05-18T21:52:32","slug":"nordic-witch-trials-dark-legacy-and-modern-remembrance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/nordic-witch-trials-dark-legacy-and-modern-remembrance\/","title":{"rendered":"Di s\u1ea3n \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed u \u00e1m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i: c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan gia t\u0103ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc \u00c2u<\/h3>\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1eafc \u00c2u nh\u01b0 \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Na Uy, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 Iceland, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u00e0 17. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean t\u00f2a n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ma thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c giao c\u1ea5u v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ma qu\u1ef7 h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u1eefng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh, lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u01a1n cu\u1ed3ng phong s\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Martin Luther v\u00e0 John Calvin, l\u00ean \u00e1n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. L\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m S\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y t\u1ea1i Kunsthal Charlottenborg<\/h3>\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, Kunsthal Charlottenborg \u1edf Copenhagen, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111ang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;S\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y&#8221;. Cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111en t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y Hex! \u1edf Ribe<\/h3>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y Hex! \u1edf Ribe, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 s\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ed5i, b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tra t\u1ea5n. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&#8221; xung quanh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y<\/h3>\n\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n vang v\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Christian IV:<\/strong> Vua \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1617.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Louise Nyholm Kallestrup:<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nam \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u00e0i nghi:<\/strong> Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u<\/li>\n<li>Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m S\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y t\u1ea1i Kunsthal Charlottenborg<\/li>\n<li>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<li>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc \u00c2u<\/li>\n<li>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf \u0110an M\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi trong s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y Hex! t\u1ea1i Ribe, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc \u00c2u<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Di s\u1ea3n \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u Trong bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed u \u00e1m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[24264,23690,24263,1770,24262,6811,24261],"class_list":["post-18576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-art-and-witchcraft","tag-misogyny","tag-gender-and-witchcraft","tag-cultural-history","tag-nordic-history","tag-witchcraft","tag-witch-trials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18577,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18576\/revisions\/18577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}