{"id":18584,"date":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18584"},"modified":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","slug":"trailblazing-black-women-in-the-us-navy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/trailblazing-black-women-in-the-us-navy\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en ti\u00ean phong trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3: X\u00f3a b\u1ecf r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, t\u1ea1o ra di s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en ti\u00ean phong trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a WAVES<\/h2>\n\n

Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n (WAVES), cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c WAVES Mildred McAfee v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Mary McLeod Bethune, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1944.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1eef s\u0129 quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1944, Harriet Ida Pickens v\u00e0 Frances Eliza Wills tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m s\u0129 quan trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3. Th\u00e0nh t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong WAVES<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong WAVES ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tham gia hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u, phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n y, th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t nhanh, h\u1ecda s\u0129 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, nh\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, WAVES ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u1edbi h\u1ecd cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u00ean phong nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Michelle J. Howard \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c b\u1ed1n sao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

C\u01a1 quan L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u01b0u gi\u1eef r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a WAVES \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay, H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en ti\u00ean phong trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a WAVES Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[24272,18204,24271,1080,169,1242,24252,24270],"class_list":["post-18584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-frances-eliza-wills","tag-u-s-navy","tag-harriet-ida-pickens","tag-african-american-history","tag-womens-history","tag-military-history","tag-black-women","tag-waves"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18584"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18585,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18584\/revisions\/18585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}