{"id":18606,"date":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","date_gmt":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18606"},"modified":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","modified_gmt":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","slug":"giant-african-snail-invasive-threat-australia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/ecology\/giant-african-snail-invasive-threat-australia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0c s\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u Phi: C\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00dac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u1ed0c s\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u Phi: M\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00dac v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ed0c s\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u Phi (GAS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho \u00dac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng ch\u00e0y, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

GAS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb t\u1edbi 1.200 tr\u1ee9ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ef1c cao<\/h2>\n\n

GAS s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

GAS \u0103n ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 500 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 cam qu\u00fdt, rau v\u00e0 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c. Th\u00f3i quen \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede Florida, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m do GAS g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 11 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

R\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, GAS c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang mang theo m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i giun tr\u00f2n k\u00fd sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi GAS ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, n\u00eau b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00dac ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i GAS<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dac c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a GAS. N\u0103m 1977, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t l\u1edbn \u1edf Brisbane \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u01a1n 300 con \u1ed1c s\u00ean. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, GAS \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u00dac, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h2>\n\n

GAS c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Phi nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a GAS nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n\n

Miami, Florida, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t GAS. N\u0103m 1975, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m, trong khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u01a1n 1.100 con \u1ed1c s\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u GAS, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a GAS.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a GAS. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn GAS, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ed0c s\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm, g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a GAS \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 nhanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u1ed0c s\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u Phi: M\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00dac v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u1ed0c s\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u Phi (GAS) l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[286,24295,287,24294,178],"class_list":["post-18606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-invasive-species","tag-environmental-threat","tag-agriculture","tag-giant-african-snail","tag-public-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18606"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18607,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18606\/revisions\/18607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}