{"id":18642,"date":"2021-07-19T08:17:21","date_gmt":"2021-07-19T08:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18642"},"modified":"2021-07-19T08:17:21","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T08:17:21","slug":"odysseys-end-the-search-for-ancient-ithaca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history\/odysseys-end-the-search-for-ancient-ithaca\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u01a1i Odyssey: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Ithaca c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u01a1i Odyssey: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Ithaca c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Robert Bittlestone<\/h2>\n\n

Trong h\u01a1n hai thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ithaca, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Odysseus trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed thi c\u1ee7a Homer. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i Robert Bittlestone xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh tin r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bittlestone t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Paliki tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Kefalonia, n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Paliki t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ithaca, b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Kefalonia b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t eo bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bittlestone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Strabo \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t eo \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p n\u1ed1i Kefalonia v\u1edbi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng bi\u1ec3n ng\u1ea7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t eo bi\u1ec3n c\u0169 gi\u1eefa Paliki v\u00e0 Kefalonia. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan tr\u00ean eo \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n r\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Homer<\/h2>\n\n

Bittlestone c\u0169ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong Odyssey c\u1ee7a Homer tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Paliki. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, V\u1ecbnh Atheras tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi V\u1ecbnh Phorcys, n\u01a1i Odysseus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 Phaeacia \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

Theo Homer, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n l\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a Odysseus, Eumaeus, s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00fap l\u1ec1u g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t con su\u1ed1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Arethusa. Bittlestone x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t con su\u1ed1i tr\u00ean B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Paliki th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Arethusa.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3i Kastelli, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Paliki, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, b\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 l\u1ecd \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o ghi r\u00f5 t\u00ean Odysseus, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ed3i Kastelli c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Homer.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Bittlestone th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Odysseus nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Odysseus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Ithaca.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Odysseus tr\u00ean Kefalonia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Odyssey, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e1 Raven v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ea1i l\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a Eumaeus.<\/p>\n\n

Odyssey c\u1ee7a Homer \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bittlestone cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1eed thi v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u01a1i Odyssey: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Ithaca c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Robert Bittlestone Trong h\u01a1n hai thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[24332,2313,24333,88,6820,24334],"class_list":["post-18642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-homer","tag-ancient-greece","tag-ithaca","tag-archaeology","tag-odyssey","tag-robert-bittlestone"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18642"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18643,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18642\/revisions\/18643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}