{"id":18666,"date":"2020-01-24T02:48:43","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T02:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18666"},"modified":"2020-01-24T02:48:43","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T02:48:43","slug":"the-womens-march-on-washington-a-historical-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/the-womens-march-on-washington-a-historical-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea1i Washington: M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea1i Washington n\u0103m 2017 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1913, h\u01a1n 5.000 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 Washington, D.C. \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inez Milholland:<\/strong> Milholland, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 1913 tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lucy Burns:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, Burns \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecf t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dora Lewis:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, Lewis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0103n khi tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Occoquan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mary Church Terrell:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, Terrell \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. B\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ida B. Wells:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Wells \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n treo c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Katherine McCormick:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, McCormick \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai. B\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elizabeth Freeman:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, Freeman \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ec1n anh \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd cho phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u0103m 1913 t\u1ea1i Washington l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua Tu ch\u00ednh \u00e1n 19 n\u0103m 1920, trao quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n<p>Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. N\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh giao thoa v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, nh\u01b0 Mary Church Terrell v\u00e0 Ida B. Wells, nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 trao quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea1i Washington: M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2751,1368,527,169,24356],"class_list":["post-18666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-gender-equality","tag-activism","tag-social-justice","tag-womens-history","tag-suffrage-movement"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18666"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18667,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18666\/revisions\/18667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}