{"id":1910,"date":"2026-06-28T02:50:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T02:50:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1910"},"modified":"2026-06-28T02:50:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T02:50:28","slug":"confederate-monuments-symbol-racial-injustice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/social-justice\/confederate-monuments-symbol-racial-injustice\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i Confederate: Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ea5t C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ecf"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i Li\u00ean Minh: Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c Cu\u1ed9c Bi\u1ec3u T\u00ecnh V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c G\u1ee1 B\u1ecf T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tranh lu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bia ghi danh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u bang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh L\u1ecbch S\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Jim Crow. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh Li\u00ean minh, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n

Chi Ph\u00ed C\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Minh<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Smithsonian<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf. Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Li\u00ean minh. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u1ebd ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ee3 H\u00e3i V\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadt H\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 lo s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1eed tri. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Kirk Savage cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Floyd.\u201d Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u00e1m \u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u T\u00ecnh Hu\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Richmond, Virginia:<\/strong> Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Ralph Northam c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Robert E. Lee \u1edf th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 bang. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Levar Stoney c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh d\u1ecdc theo Monument Avenue.<\/p>\n\n

Alexandria, Virginia:<\/strong> United Daughters of the Confederacy \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Appomattox, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 Li\u00ean minh t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Justin Wilson n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

Birmingham, Alabama:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 cao 52 foot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i L\u00ednh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y S\u1ef9 Li\u00ean Minh. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Randall Woodfin ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Mobile, Alabama:<\/strong> C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Li\u00ean minh Raphael Semmes. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Sandy Stimpson nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:<\/strong> Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tranh lu\u1eadn, Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Jim Kenney \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Frank Rizzo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Indianapolis, Indiana:<\/strong> Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Joe Hogsett \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh chi\u1ebfn tranh Li\u00ean minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea1i Morton. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Ku Klux Klan.<\/p>\n\n

Nashville, Tennessee:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o Edward Carmack, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i Li\u00ean Minh<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang n\u00ean b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u00e2u D\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Li\u00ean minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sao cho bao tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i Li\u00ean Minh: Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c C\u00e1c Cu\u1ed9c Bi\u1ec3u T\u00ecnh V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c G\u1ee1 B\u1ecf T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00e0i Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2233],"tags":[527,2230,4081,19,883,4080],"class_list":["post-1910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-justice","tag-social-justice","tag-confederate-monuments","tag-historical-accountability","tag-american-history","tag-public-art","tag-racial-injustice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1910"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25507,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910\/revisions\/25507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}