{"id":1990,"date":"2022-07-12T15:03:01","date_gmt":"2022-07-12T15:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1990"},"modified":"2022-07-12T15:03:01","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T15:03:01","slug":"the-challenges-of-photojournalism-in-war-zones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/war-and-conflict\/the-challenges-of-photojournalism-in-war-zones\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c C\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ec1 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea2nh Chi\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a tin \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u00e0n r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m nguy th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng v\u00eda. C\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Teru Kuwayama \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd: “Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u1edf “chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng” kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh – ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m A \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m B m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ed5 c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n”.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. B\u1ee5i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh. Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Tyler Hicks, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: “L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec v\u1eady lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o pin lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y”.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sau sang ch\u1ea5n (PTSD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00e1c do c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro, ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea9n sau nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng t\u00edt. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Lynsey Addario \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0m”.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Tyler Hicks ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. Hicks \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf Afghanistan, Libya v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c, s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1eef nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c, Lynsey Addario, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1eafn, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Addario v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec c\u00f4 tin v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cao, nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chi\u1ebfn tranh C\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4246],"tags":[4241,4244,4243,243,4242,4181,4245,1164],"class_list":["post-1990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-war-and-conflict","tag-photojournalism","tag-courage","tag-human-cost","tag-resilience","tag-war-zones","tag-danger","tag-importance","tag-conflict"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1990"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1991,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1990\/revisions\/1991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}