{"id":201,"date":"2024-08-04T04:07:35","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T04:07:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=201"},"modified":"2024-08-04T04:07:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T04:07:35","slug":"the-great-dying-a-devastating-mass-extinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/paleontology\/the-great-dying-a-devastating-mass-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Permi-Trias: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 252 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Trong th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 75% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 90% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eaby Siberia: M\u1ed9t nghi ph\u1ea1m kh\u1ea3 d\u0129<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nghi ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eaby Siberia. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 phun ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn magma v\u00e0 dung nham l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf Siberia c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y \u00c2u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u1eaby Siberia c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch nhau v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u1eaby Siberia. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 60.000 n\u0103m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 252 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u1eaby Siberia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 500.000 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Magma nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a magma t\u1eeb B\u1eaby Siberia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd g\u00e2y ra \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m sau khi c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sau khi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng magma t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 phun tr\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf magma phun tr\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u1eaby Siberia \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng magma v\u00e0 dung nham, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn carbon dioxide v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n cao, h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a magma t\u1eeb B\u1eaby Siberia g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Permi.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c sinh th\u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Permi-Trias: S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":24006,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[560,137,207,36,559,558,561],"class_list":["post-201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-siberian-traps","tag-paleontology","tag-geology","tag-environmental-science","tag-permian-extinction","tag-great-dying","tag-mass-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":202,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions\/202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}