{"id":2014,"date":"2026-09-25T02:10:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T02:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2014"},"modified":"2026-09-25T02:10:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T02:10:27","slug":"the-discovery-of-penicillin-a-medical-miracle-from-mold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/medical-science\/the-discovery-of-penicillin-a-medical-miracle-from-mold\/","title":{"rendered":"Penicillin: Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Fleming"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Penicillin: M\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Fleming<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, nh\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Alexander Fleming \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a Petri. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng sau khi quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ebb n\u1ea5m, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Penicillium notatum<\/em>, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/h3>\n\n

Fleming quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y m\u1ebb n\u1ea5m \u0111ang \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft. B\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ebb n\u1ea5m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 penicillin, lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n penicillin<\/h3>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Fleming m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n penicillin th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0. Nh\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Howard Florey v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. Penicillin \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/h3>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n penicillin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n t\u1eebng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lao. Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ebb. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 70 t\u1ef7 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Fleming v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 46.250 USD nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Quan s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Fleming v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 sinh m\u1ea1ng. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c Fleming<\/h3>\n\n

N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Fleming \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 y h\u1ecdc. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n penicillin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n

N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. Penicillium notatum<\/em>, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 penicillin, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u01b0 streptomycin v\u00e0 erythromycin, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Fleming, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Penicillin: M\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Fleming V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, nh\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Alexander Fleming \u0111\u00e3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3029],"tags":[4285,4286,4284,4282,4283],"class_list":["post-2014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical-science","tag-alexander-fleming","tag-mold","tag-medical-discovery","tag-penicillin","tag-antibiotics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2014"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25583,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2014\/revisions\/25583"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}