{"id":2071,"date":"2020-03-22T19:59:41","date_gmt":"2020-03-22T19:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2071"},"modified":"2020-03-22T19:59:41","modified_gmt":"2020-03-22T19:59:41","slug":"ozone-depleting-chemicals-persistent-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/environmental-science\/ozone-depleting-chemicals-persistent-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n: M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda dai d\u1eb3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n dai d\u1eb3ng<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1987, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n, l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c t\u00edm c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau k\u00fd Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n (ODS). Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ODS \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i: n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed cacbon tetraclorua trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 39.000 t\u1ea5n cacbon tetraclorua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 30% m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00ean ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n<\/h2>\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a cacbon tetraclorua g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n. Kh\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u00f4z\u00f4n, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ODS ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch l\u0169y theo th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cacbon tetraclorua li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i th\u00eam cho t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n

Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal<\/h2>\n\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u1eabn l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n. M\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ODS. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ODS trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cacbon tetraclorua li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n dai d\u1eb3ng B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed N\u0103m 1987, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[877,4377,4379,4378,4376],"class_list":["post-2071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-environmental-protection","tag-carbon-tetrachloride","tag-atmospheric-chemistry","tag-montreal-protocol","tag-ozone-depletion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2072,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2071\/revisions\/2072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}