{"id":2081,"date":"2021-06-16T09:00:08","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T09:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2081"},"modified":"2021-06-16T09:00:08","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T09:00:08","slug":"inaccessible-island-rail-flightless-evolution-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/ornithology\/inaccessible-island-rail-flightless-evolution-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible: B\u00ed \u1ea9n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 t\u00edch th\u00edch nghi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chim \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea3o Inaccessible, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n: Chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible. Lo\u00e0i chim nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ch\u00edch ch\u00f2e c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1m, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible<\/h2>\n\n

Chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i chim n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0o, lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay. S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf xa, \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch nghi m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t 32 lo\u00e0i ch\u00edch ch\u00f2e kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim, \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea3o Inaccessible cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 cho lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt du nh\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. Chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. S\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0103n th\u1ecbt t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay. Ngo\u00e0i ra, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n

May m\u1eafn thay, \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible v\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chim \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Inaccessible Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea3o Inaccessible, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1edf Nam…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2335],"tags":[401,4402,4401,4403,1647,136],"class_list":["post-2081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ornithology","tag-conservation","tag-flightless-bird","tag-inaccessible-island-rail","tag-island-ecosystem","tag-adaptation","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2081"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2082,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2081\/revisions\/2082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}