{"id":2109,"date":"2021-04-05T16:01:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T16:01:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2109"},"modified":"2021-04-05T16:01:35","modified_gmt":"2021-04-05T16:01:35","slug":"waldseemuller-map-charting-the-new-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/waldseemuller-map-charting-the-new-world\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller: V\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller: V\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t &#8220;Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi&#8221;. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Amerigo Vespucci, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Florence. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Vespucci d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nam M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a &#8220;Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1507, hai h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, Matthias Ringmann v\u00e0 Martin Waldseem\u00fcller, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;Cosmographiae Introductio&#8221; (Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc). Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda. Ringmann, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 &#8220;America&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh Vespucci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ringmann v\u00e0 Waldseem\u00fcller<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ringmann v\u00e0 Waldseem\u00fcller \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ringmann \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Waldseem\u00fcller, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc then ch\u1ed1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 &#8220;Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9&#8221;. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ptolemy r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m ba ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cha Joseph Fischer, m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Fischer \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y\u8f70 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap shed th\u00eam \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Washington, D.C., n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m &#8220;Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u&#8221;. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/li>\n<li>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Amerigo Vespucci \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9<\/li>\n<li>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Matthias Ringmann trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ean g\u1ecdi &#8220;Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c Cha Joseph Fischer kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Waldseem\u00fcller: V\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4437,4435,4436,564,27,4438],"class_list":["post-2109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-cartography","tag-waldseemuller-map","tag-america","tag-exploration","tag-history","tag-new-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2109"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2110,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2109\/revisions\/2110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}