{"id":2175,"date":"2022-05-08T23:22:19","date_gmt":"2022-05-08T23:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2175"},"modified":"2022-05-08T23:22:19","modified_gmt":"2022-05-08T23:22:19","slug":"pottery-shard-reveals-missing-link-in-alphabets-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/pottery-shard-reveals-missing-link-in-alphabets-development\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m 3.500 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Israel, m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. Ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Canaan s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Canaan: M\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t “m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu” k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Sinai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau n\u00e0y t\u1eeb Canaan. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh Ai C\u1eadp, cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Canaan ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e2u nay cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Canaan trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ai C\u1eadp th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp, cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Canaan v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Tel Lachish: M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Canaan th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Tel Lachish, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Canaan l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canaan \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

Chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00ean hai d\u00f2ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 tin r\u1eb1ng ba ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb “ebed”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “n\u00f4 l\u1ec7” ho\u1eb7c “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u”. D\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “nophet”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “m\u1eadt hoa” ho\u1eb7c “m\u1eadt ong”.<\/p>\n\n

Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p “ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u” v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Canaan<\/h2>\n\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Canaan chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh: b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft Kinh th\u00e1nh Hebrew v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i l\u1edbn v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1200 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Canaan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Latinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ti\u1ebfng Anh vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n

“T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh”, Felix H\u00f6flmayer, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. “B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng. B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c”.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i hay t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m t\u1eeb Tel Lachish l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 C\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[4548,4546,4547,4549,4551,4550,88,1643,2622,873],"class_list":["post-2175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-egypt","tag-alphabet","tag-canaan","tag-hieroglyphs","tag-pottery","tag-israel","tag-archaeology","tag-ancient-history","tag-language","tag-writing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2176,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175\/revisions\/2176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}