{"id":2421,"date":"2024-10-28T15:45:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T15:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2421"},"modified":"2024-10-28T15:45:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T15:45:30","slug":"ancient-dna-unveils-mysterious-denisovans-rewriting-human-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/ancient-dna-unveils-mysterious-denisovans-rewriting-human-evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"ADN c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova. Nh\u1eefng hominid b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Homo sapiens s\u01a1 khai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi cho hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng Denisova \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 DNA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Denisova 8”, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 110.000 n\u0103m, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hominid kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal<\/h2>\n\n

Qu\u00e9t gen cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi Homo sapiens kho\u1ea3ng 500.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova \u0111\u00e3 lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 Homo sapiens. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i hominid c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u0103ng g\u1ea5u hang<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0m r\u0103ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u0103ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5u hang. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Truy t\u00ecm lo\u00e0i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra Denisova 8 \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 lai gi\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m si\u00eau th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA t\u1eeb h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova, h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Susanna Sawyer, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m tr\u00ean tay m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m si\u00eau th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hominid kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1017,137,4941,88,1020,1019,487],"class_list":["post-2421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-paleontology","tag-homo-sapiens","tag-archaeology","tag-denisovans","tag-neanderthals","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2421"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24732,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2421\/revisions\/24732"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}