{"id":2431,"date":"2024-09-15T05:54:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T05:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2431"},"modified":"2024-09-15T05:54:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T05:54:39","slug":"zelia-nuttall-mexican-archaeology-indigenous-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/zelia-nuttall-mexican-archaeology-indigenous-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Zelia Nuttall: Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Mexico"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zelia Nuttall: Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Mexico<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

Sinh ra t\u1ea1i San Francisco n\u0103m 1857, Zelia Nuttall l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. B\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia s\u01b0 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nuttall nhen nh\u00f3m trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc. Sau khi h\u1ecd chia tay, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Mexico v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1884, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nam gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 man r\u1ee3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n minh. Nuttall \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Aztec r\u1ea5t tinh vi v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Mexico<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Nuttall t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Teotihuacan. B\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec5n ra Cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u1ec1 cho b\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Mexico t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Peabody c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Mexico<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Mexico \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfi Mexico v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Codex Nuttall, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Mexico c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nuttall \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Mexico v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mexico hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Aztec v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Mexico.<\/p>\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, Nuttall kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00f4 song.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Zelia Nuttall<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nuttall l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Mexico v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Mexico<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nuttall \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Aztec, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c do nam gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, Nuttall \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc “nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nuttall \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Mexico. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Aztec, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. B\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Mexico v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zelia Nuttall: Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Mexico \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Sinh ra t\u1ea1i San Francisco n\u0103m 1857, Zelia Nuttall l\u1edbn l\u00ean…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[89,88,1066,1034,211,4952],"class_list":["post-2431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-archaeology","tag-indigenous-history","tag-mexico","tag-women-in-stem","tag-mesoamerica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2431"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24344,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431\/revisions\/24344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}