{"id":244,"date":"2024-09-27T06:43:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-27T06:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=244"},"modified":"2024-09-27T06:43:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T06:43:45","slug":"the-origins-of-life-from-prebiotic-chemistry-to-the-complexity-of-living-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/the-origins-of-life-from-prebiotic-chemistry-to-the-complexity-of-living-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh qua h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec1n sinh h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh qua h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec1n sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

S\u00fap ti\u1ec1n sinh h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Trong kh\u00f4ng gian bao la c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 s\u00fap nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cu\u1ed9n xo\u00e1y trong c\u00e1c v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t – nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

Axit amin, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a protein, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng axit amin n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1. Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c axit amin t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c axit amin li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m protein.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Khi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c axit amin v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Theo th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sao ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n – \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t. Khi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Quang h\u1ee3p, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a oxy v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Oxy n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc lam v\u00e0 malachit.<\/p>\n\n

R\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. \u0110\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9a axit amin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. B\u1ecd ba th\u00f9y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u00e2n kh\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo th\u1eddi gian. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh qua h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec1n sinh h\u1ecdc S\u00fap ti\u1ec1n sinh h\u1ecdc Trong kh\u00f4ng gian bao la c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 s\u00fap…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[670,672,671,669,666,667,668],"class_list":["post-244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","tag-amino-acids","tag-complexity-of-life","tag-minerals","tag-hydrothermal-vents","tag-life-science-art","tag-origins-of-life","tag-prebiotic-chemistry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=244"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24454,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244\/revisions\/24454"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}