{"id":2528,"date":"2021-01-06T00:17:58","date_gmt":"2021-01-06T00:17:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2528"},"modified":"2021-01-06T00:17:58","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T00:17:58","slug":"turing-theory-biological-patterns-proven-true","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/turing-theory-biological-patterns-proven-true\/","title":{"rendered":"Thuy\u1ebft M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh!"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Alan Turing<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Alan Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh, trong khi ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf k\u00ecm h\u00e3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Turing v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e0o v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng \u1edf chu\u1ed9t, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a FGF v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SHH \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0o. Khi t\u1eaft FGF, nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00e0o m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi t\u1eaft SHH, c\u00e1c m\u00e0o h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Turing \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a-\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a-\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n qua m\u00f4 v\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh lan r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 xa. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n<p>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Turing c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1 ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u00ean da b\u00e1o<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh g\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u00e0o tr\u00ean v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng chu\u1ed9t<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Turing<\/h2>\n\n<p>Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, Turing \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho khoa h\u1ecdc. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Turing l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Turing gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a-\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Turing cho r\u1eb1ng hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh, trong khi ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf k\u00ecm h\u00e3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Turing: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Turing b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e0o v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng \u1edf chu\u1ed9t. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a FGF v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf SHH \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1 ng\u1ef1a v\u1eb1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u00ean da b\u00e1o, c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh g\u00e0, c\u00e1c m\u00e0o tr\u00ean v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Alan Turing V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Alan Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[59,5099,5101,5102,97,5098,5100,5103],"class_list":["post-2528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-alan-turing","tag-biological-patterns","tag-natures-patterns","tag-pattern-formation","tag-science","tag-activator-inhibitor-model","tag-developmental-biology","tag-turing-theory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2528"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2529,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528\/revisions\/2529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}