{"id":2716,"date":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2716"},"modified":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","slug":"nylon-stockings-wartime-rationing-nylon-riots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/fashion-and-beauty\/nylon-stockings-wartime-rationing-nylon-riots\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1edb nilon: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec nilon"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1edb nilon: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec nilon<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t minh ra nilon<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1edb nilon l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Wilmington, Delaware v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1939, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t minh ra nilon c\u1ee7a Wallace Hume Carothers, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho DuPont. Nilon, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m t\u1eeb “carbon, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed”, nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh co gi\u00e3n, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a v\u1edb nilon<\/h2>\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n v\u00e1y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao h\u01a1n trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, v\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong t\u1ee7 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. V\u1edb nilon, v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay th\u1ebf l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 rayon \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a DuPont, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nilon l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y” (nuron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb “run”), c\u00e0ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u1edb nilon. Nilon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00f9, d\u00e2y l\u1ed1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edb nilon b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n l\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1edb v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec nilon<\/h2>\n\n

Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1edb nilon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945, “c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec nilon” \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Pittsburgh, n\u01a1i 40.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ec3 mua 13.000 \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1edb nilon<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, nilon v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho v\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a DuPont v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eddi trang cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. V\u1edb nilon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Nilon trong trang ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nilon v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edb, qu\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1eddi trang \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m do s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nilon \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nilon \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, nilon g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a. DuPont \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nilon b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edb nilon: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec nilon Ph\u00e1t minh ra nilon V\u1edb nilon l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2138],"tags":[5420,1188,594,5419,5418],"class_list":["post-2716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fashion-and-beauty","tag-nylon-riots","tag-fashion-history","tag-womens-empowerment","tag-wartime-rationing","tag-nylon-stockings"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2716"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2717,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716\/revisions\/2717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}