{"id":2736,"date":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","date_gmt":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2736"},"modified":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","modified_gmt":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","slug":"shoe-rationing-during-world-war-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/shoe-rationing-during-world-war-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft do nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 da v\u00e0 cao su t\u0103ng cao ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1943, V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 (OPA) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 mua gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba phi\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch mua c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p c\u0169 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 n\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch mua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1eafm \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mua gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ba n\u0103m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1945. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u OPA Chester Bowles \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p trong th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi trang trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hy sinh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt, s\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed1p xe.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cao su c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu cao su ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<li>OPA \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Trong su\u1ed1t Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5454,5453,27,5451,5452,56,2696],"class_list":["post-2736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-black-market","tag-consumer-behavior","tag-history","tag-rationing","tag-shoes","tag-world-war-ii","tag-fashion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2737,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions\/2737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}